Understanding
Listening
A 1: I can understand familiar words and very basic phrases concerning myself, my family and immediate
surroundings when people speak slowly and clearly.
A 2: I can understand phrases and the highest frequency vocabulary related to areas of most immediate personal
relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information, shopping, local area, employment). I can catch the
main points in short, clear, simple messages and announcements.
B 1: I can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters regularly encountered in work,
school, leisure, etc. I can understand the main points of many radio or TV programmes on current affairs or
topics of personal or professional interest when the delivery is relatively slow and clear.
B 2: I can understand extended speech and lectures and follow even complex lines of argument provided the topic
is reasonably familiar. I can understand most TV news and current affairs programmes. I can understand the
majority of films in standard dialect.
C 1: I can understand extended speech even when it is not clearly structured and when relationships are only
implied and not signalled explicitly. I can understand television programmes and films without too much effort.
C 2: I have no difficulty in understanding any kind of spoken language, whether live or broadcast, even when
delivered at fast native speed, provided I have some time to get familiar with the accent.
Reading
A 1: I can understand familiar names, words and very simple sentences, for example on notices and posters or in
catalogues.
A 2: I can read very short, simple texts. I can find specific, predictable information in simple everyday material such
as advertisements, prospectuses, menus and timetables and I can understand short simple personal letters.
B 1: I can understand texts that consist mainly of high frequency everyday or job-related language. I can
understand the description of events, feelings and wishes in personal letters.
B 2: I can read articles and reports concerned with contemporary problems in which the writers adopt particular
attitudes or viewpoints. I can understand contemporary literary prose.
C 1: I can understand long and complex factual and literary texts, appreciating distinctions of style. I can
understand specialised articles and longer technical instructions, even when they do not relate to my field.
C 2: I can read with ease virtually all forms of the written language, including abstract, structurally or linguistically
complex texts such as manuals, specialised articles and literary works.
Speaking
Spoken interaction
A 1: I can interact in a simple way provided the other person is prepared to repeat or rephrase things at a slower
rate of speech and help me formulate what I'm trying to say. I can ask and answer simple questions in areas of
immediate need or on very familiar topics.
A 2: I can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on
familiar topics and activities. I can handle very short social exchanges, even though I can't usually understand
enough to keep the conversation going myself.
B 1: I can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. I can
enter unprepared into conversation on topics that are familiar, of personal interest or pertinent to everyday life
(e.g. family, hobbies, work, travel and current events).
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